4.2 - Blender¶
Blender is a combination of many tools. It is a:
- modeler - to create 3D models
- renderer - to produce photo-realistic renderings of 3D models
- rigger - to create “rigs,” which are specially designed 3D models for animation
- animation system - to create key-frame animations
- compositor - to combine images from various sources to create video frames
- video renderer - to output complete animations in various video formats
For these WebGL tutorials we will only use the modeling functionality of Blender. You will not “master” Blender in a short time. It takes years to become a Blender “power user”.
To get a feeling for the power of Blender, watch one of the animations that is posted on the Blender Foundation youtube site.
You need to install Blender on your computer. To avoid proxy and scanning issues, please get the installer from the K:\DF\DFCS\CS474 folder.
IMPORTANT: You must use a 3-button mouse to work with Blender effectively.
Some Preliminary Issues¶
Blender uses a right-handed coordinate system, but a different default view orientation as compared to WebGL.
- In Blender, the ground plane is the X-Y plane and the Z axis points up.
- In WebGL, the ground plane is the X-Z plane and the Y axis points up.
This discrepancy in default views can cause confusion – but don’t let it. It is simply a rotation about the X axis of -90 degrees. To minimize confusion, use the default view in Blender as you design your model. Assume that the front side is facing away from the +Y axis and the Z axis is up. When you export your model, the exporter can change the orientation to match WebGL’s orientation. The example below shows the Blender view orientation.
Show the orientation of the sides of an object as viewed by Blender.
Animate
Open this webgl program in a new tab or window
When you create models for WebGL programs you can save multiple models in a single file, or separate the models into distinct files. If your models are in separate files, make sure you use consistent units so that the models will “fit together” as needed.
Every model requires a unique name so that it can be manipulated separately in your WebGL programs. DO NOT include spaces in your model names because the model names will become object property names in your WebGL JavaScript programs – and property names can’t have spaces.
Learning Blender¶
Please watch the Blender video tutorials by Neal Hirsig. Please don’t watch all of them. I have listed a subset of the important videos below.
IMPORTANT: You should watch a small part of a video, pause the video, and then practice the actions described by the video. Practice and experimentation will be critical to your learning.
Please print a copy of the Neal Hirsig cheat sheet to have in front of you as you watch the tutorials. As you learn each new functionality, it will be helpful if you makes notes to yourself on the cheat sheet.
Learn the Blender interface (33 minutes of video):
- Learn the Blender interface by watching this 5 minute video.
- Learn how to manage window layouts by watching this 4 minute video.
- Learn how to quickly change the editor views by watching this 4 minute video.
- Learn how to move around in 3D space by watching this 9+ minute video.
- Learn the Blender controls by watching this 5 minute video.
- Learn the viewing and editing modes by watching this 5 minute video.
Learn model manipulation in Blender (42 minutes of video):
- Learn about Blender units by watching this 5 minute video.
- Learn how to create the basic mesh objects by watching this 10 minute video.
- Learn how to select objects by watching this 6 minute video.
- Learn how to translate objects by watching this 6 minute video.
- Learn how to rotate objects by watching this 8 minute video.
- Learn how to scale objects by watching this 7 minute video.
Learn advanced model manipulation in Blender (37 minutes of video):
- Learn how to combine meshes into a single model by watching this 2 minute video.
- Learn how to name objects by watching this 2 minute video. (Don’t include any spaces in your names!)
- Learn how to delete things by watching this 2 minute video.
- Learn how to undo and redo operations by watching this 3 minute video.
- Learn the difference between local and global orientation by watching this 4 minute video.
- Learn how to manipulate an objects “center point” by watching this 4 minute video.
- Learn how to manipulate pivot points by watching this 8 minute video.
- Learn how to duplicate objects by watching this 8 minute video.
- Learn how to smooth the surface of a mesh object by watching this 4 minute video.
Learn mesh editing techniques in Blender (49 minutes of video):
- Learn how to select vertices, edges and faces by watching this 6 minute video.
- Learn how to select and manipulate vertices by watching this 8 minute video.
- Learn how to select and manipulate edges by watching this 8 minute video.
- Learn how to select and manipulate faces by watching this 5 minute video.
- Learn how to use the vertex, edge and face menus by watching this 3 minute video.
- Learn how to subdivide edges to create more vertices by watching this 5 minute video.
- Learn how to use loop cut and slide to create more vertices by watching this 3 minute video.
- Learn how to use the rip tool to make openings in a model by watching this 3 minute video.
- Learn how to use the extrusion tool by watching this 8 minute video.
Putting it all together (9 minutes of video)
- Examples of using the extrusion tool (9 minute video).
Assignment¶
Work on phase two of the 3D Tetris game project.
Glossary¶
- Blender
- an open source, free modeling and animation tool.
Other Resources¶
There are many great video tutorials on the Internet that can help you learn Blender. The Blender Foundation tutorials is a good place to start. Just recognize that it will take you 100’s of hours to master Blender and any extra work in Blender should be put off until after your work on these WebGL tutorials is complete.
This extensive cheat sheet will be helpful if you want to learn more about Blender.